In one of the biggest demonstrations in Jerusalem’s history, more than 200,000 Israelis jammed the streets outside the ancient walls of the old city yesterday, protesting U.S. proposals to give partial control of a disputed holy site to the Palestinians. The protests came shortly after the Palestinian Authority rejected President Clinton’s proposals as a basis for ending conflict with Israel. A Palestinian negotiator said Clinton had failed in his efforts to achieve a final peace because his aides were influenced by Israeli positions that had already been rejected by the Palestinians.