Negotiations are underway in Geneva on a legally binding Global Plastics Treaty that has been in the works for several years, as the crisis of pollution from plastics worldwide has grown more acute. An estimated 8 billion metric tons of plastic waste now pollute the planet. Without changes, the production of plastic is expected to triple by 2060 — much of it driven by single-use plastics.

This comes as a new report by The Lancet has found that plastics are a “grave threat” to human health. “Waste plastic contains thousands of toxic chemicals that cause human exposure and result in disease and disability and premature death,” says Dr. Philip Landrigan, an author of the report and the director of the Global Observatory on Planetary Health at Boston College. He also notes that plastic is especially harmful to children, who are at risk for “decreased IQ, injury to the reproductive organs” and liver damage when exposed to plastics during early development.